What are Argumentative Texts? Characteristics, Types and Examples

Learn what argumentative texts are, their key characteristics, types and look at practical examples.

Argumentative texts are a form of written communication that seeks to persuade the reader of a particular position or point of view. In this article, we will tell you in depth what argumentative texts are, their distinctive features and the different types that exist, and provide examples to illustrate their use in various contexts.

What is an argumentative text?

An argumentative text is a text whose main aim is to convince the reader of a specific idea, opinion or position. To achieve this, the author presents solid arguments supported by evidence and logical reasoning. These texts may address controversial or debatable topics and usually have an organised structure that includes a clear thesis, development of arguments and a persuasive conclusion.

Characteristics of an argumentative text

- Clear thesis: the text presents a main idea or thesis that is defended throughout the document.

- Strong argumentation: the arguments presented are supported by relevant evidence, data and/or examples.

- Coherence and cohesion: the text has a logical and well-organised structure, with paragraphs that connect fluidly.

- Persuasiveness: the purpose of the text is to persuade the reader to accept the author's position.

- Objectivity and subjectivity: although based on objective data, the text may reflect the author's subjective viewpoint or opinion.

Types of argumentative text

- Essay: a formal and extensive text that develops a thesis or idea in depth. For example, the book La higuera de las gitanas, by Noelia Cortés.

- Opinion article: a short text that expresses the author's opinion on a specific topic. For example, any of the articles in the opinion section of a newspaper.

- Political speech: an oral or written text that seeks to persuade an audience about certain policies or ideologies. For example, Clara Campoamor's speech in the Spanish Cortes on 1 October 1931.

- Debate: a verbal or written exchange in which two or more people argue about a specific topic. For example, the debate between Clara Campoamor and Victoria Kent, which led to the approval of women's suffrage in Spain.

In short, argumentative texts are a powerful tool in written and oral communication, as they allow us to express opinions, defend positions and persuade recipients about certain ideas or topics. By understanding their characteristics and types, we can improve our writing and communication skills and participate more effectively in discussions and debates on relevant topics in society.

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